What is a Polypectomy?
A polypectomy is a medical procedure in which polyps are removed from the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly during a colonoscopy. Polyps are abnormal tissue growths that can be benign, pre-cancerous, or occasionally malignant. Removing them allows accurate diagnosis and helps prevent the development of bowel cancer. The procedure is usually quick, minimally invasive, and performed as part of a standard endoscopic examination.
When is a Polypectomy Recommended?
Doctors may recommend a polypectomy in the following situations:
- Polyps identified during screening or surveillance colonoscopy
- Suspicion of pre-cancerous or abnormal growths
- Symptoms such as bleeding, altered bowel habits, or anaemia
- High risk of colorectal cancer due to family history
- Surveillance after previous cancer or polyp removal
How is a Polypectomy Performed?
Polypectomy is performed using an endoscope inserted through the rectum. Small or flat polyps may be removed using biopsy forceps, while larger or stalked polyps are frequently removed using a snare, which delivers heat to cut and cauterise the tissue. The removed polyps are retrieved and sent to the laboratory for histological analysis. Sedation or anaesthesia is typically used to make the procedure comfortable, and most patients can go home the same day.
What to Expect during Recovery after Polypectomy?
Recovery is usually straightforward. Patients may experience mild bloating, cramping, or passing small amounts of blood for a short period. Normal activities and diet can often be resumed within 24 hours, though strenuous exercise should be avoided for a day or two. Follow-up depends on the number, size, and type of polyps removed.
What are the Risks of Polypectomy?
Possible risks include:
- Bleeding after the procedure
- Perforation of the bowel (rare)
- Infection or inflammation
- Reaction to sedation
What are the Benefits of Polypectomy?
Clinical benefits include:
- Prevents colorectal cancer by removing pre-cancerous polyps
- Provides tissue for accurate diagnosis
- Minimally invasive with rapid recovery
- Reduces long-term risk of gastrointestinal complications